On the Temporal Design of Environments
Yoichi Ando

An initial approach is made here of temporal design in architecture and in the environment for man. As an introduction, effects of the aircraft noise on developments of the body of unborn babies are mentioned [Ando and Hattori, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84, 115-118, 1977]. And effects on development of the cerebral hemispheres of children (mind, and in tern, personality) [Ando and Hattori, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62, 199-204, 1977; Ando, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 127, 411-417, 1988; and 241, 129-140, 2001] are described. These were investigated around the Osaka International Airport. From these results, it is noticed what could be thought of as three stages of human time as below. Unlikely time is money, but time is life:
(1) time of the body;
(2) time of the mind; and
(3) time of personality.
The third life is the source of creation and the most unique to man. All healthy creations that may contribute to human life for a long time have been based on the unique and healthy personality of the individual. It is highly recommended, therefore, that the environment be designed for every stage of time, which is deeply related to each individual. A well-designed environment would be a meeting place for art and science, and in turn may help to discover the individual personality as the minimum unit of society. An attempt is made here for design theory of sound fields in a concert hall based on the model of auditory-brain system together with subjective preference as a primitive response [Ando, Architectural Acoustics, AIP Press/Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998]. A seat selection system to maximize individual subjective preference is introduced [Ando and Noson eds., Music and Concert Hall Acoustics, Academic Press, London, 1997]. It is remarkable that based on the model we can well describe primary sensations of sound signals and spatial sensations of sound fields [Ando, Sato and Sakai, in Sendra ed., Computational Acoustics in Architecture, WIT, Southampton, 1999; Ando, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 258, 405-417, 2002]. Thus, any subjective attributes of visual environments are being described in term of spatial and temporal factors extracted from correlation functions [Fujii, et al. Psychological Research, 64, 149-154, 2000; Soeta et al. NeuroReport, 13, 527-533, 2002]. For example, in order to develop personality of children, a temporal design may be made for their rooms with a workspace. And, to activate both cerebral hemispheres, and thus to find individual personality, work spaces at house and office may be designed. At the same time, an internet system between home and office is utilized realizing the minimum efforts (time and energy) and the maximum effects without attending everyday to a working place..

Key words: temporal design (TD), TD for growth of body, mind and personality, creative work spaces (CWS) at house and office, design theory based on the temporal and spatial criteria, brain and subjective preference